think a major error in weight training today is how we categorize exercises. Miscategorization of exercises has led to overtraining, stunted growth of some body parts, and a shift toward less effective isolation exercises.
What am I talking about? Let's look at a few examples. The bench press is a "chest" exercise; however, it heavily works the shoulders and triceps. Chins and rows are "back" exercises; however, they heavily work the biceps and to an extent the deltoids. Dips done with a close grip are a "triceps" exercise, but they work the chest and shoulders to some extent no matter how close you are or how vertical your body. Squats are a "leg" exercise, but they heavily work the lower back and hamstrings. You get the idea.
Now, let's look at a typical bodybuilding routine for chest and triceps day. It might look something like:
BB Flat Bench Press 4x6
DB Incline Bench Press 4x6
Flys 2x8
Tricep Dips 4x6
Tricep Pushdowns 4x6
Well, it looks like a good routine, but in effect, the trainee would be doing 16 sets for triceps in total counting the chest work and the triceps work. I don't know of many people whose triceps will grow if they do 16 sets.
Let's look at a typical bodybuilding routine for back and biceps.
Wide Grip Pulldowns 4x6
Seated Cable Rows 4x6
Dumbbell Rows 3x6
BB Curls 4x6
Seated DB Curls 3x6
Here, the trainee would be doing 18 sets of bicep work. Again, it's not likely that he/she is going to achieve optimal growth. It's no wonder that probably 9 out of every 10 guys I see in my gym, in other gyms, and at natural bodybuilding competitions have poor arm development, poor shoulder development, and poor hamstring development. Arms, in particular, are horribly overtrained.
So, how should we think about categorizing exercises? I would propose that we not think of exercises for particular muscles but rather "muscle complexes". I would categorize exercises into the chest/tricep complex, the shoulder/tricep complex, the back/bicep complex, the lower back/hamstring complex, etc. You would do a total number of sets for each complex instead of each muscle.
Probably the biggest change this would create would be drastically less direct arm training, less direct shoulder training, and less direct hamstring training. I can generally say that guys I've trained with based on muscle complexes instead of muscles are more balanced in their muscular development.
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