Arnold Schwarzenegger's Modern Encyclopedia of Bodybuilding depicts the history of bodybuilding from the days of Eugene Sandow in The Oaks on words right up till the mid 90's maybe even more present.
you could try the book Muscletown USA or Wikipedia. here's a link to dozens of bodybuilders from the past, though it's not a comprehensive history of the sport.
You could also try the book Isometric Power Revolution. The first part of the book covers the history of Isometrics with sections about Bernarr Macfadden, Alois P. Swoboda, Maxick, George F. Jowett, Tromp Van Diggelen, Alexander Zass and Joseph Greenstein (The Mighty Atom)